Chicago Style引用指南
恒思教育 《Chicago Style引用指南》 结合加拿大各个高校(例,UBC引用要求、UT引用要求)的Chicago Style格式要求,整理恒思教育六年来引用修订的相关经验,整合以下文档为温哥华及全加拿大的留学生服务。
引用指南说明
目前,大多数的高校教师都采用由Purdue Online Writing Lab所出具的The Chicago Manual of Style (17th Edition) (以下简称为 “CMOS”)及其相关解释。CMOS应用常用于文学、历史和艺术领域的文章。事实上,在实际使用中,由于很多高校教师、TA对于各类版本引用格式的不熟悉,在批改的过程中可能会出现各类的错误或者有各类的属于自己的要求。在这一种情况下,学生需要在照顾标准引用格式要求的同时,照顾到教授上课提到的某些具体的要求,从而在考试和作业中不在引用中失分。
一般情况下,在大学期间主要的引用材料有以下几类:
1. Book and Book Chapters引用(经过编辑审理的学术或非学术书籍,属于可信赖的primary sources引用以及secondary sources引用)
2. Periodicals引用以及Online Articles引用(Peer Reviewed Journal Articles引用经过同行评议流程的学术论文,属于可信度较高的学术论文以及secondary sources引用;Magazines引用 以及 Newspapers引用,属于部分论文中可用于进行textual analysis或者literary analysis的primary sources引用)
3. E-books引用(一般属于primary articles)
4. PPT 引用(教师的上课笔记以及PPT,属于可信度较高的secondary sources,一般在引用前需要征求教师的同意)
5. Movies以及Songs引用(在电影分析课中常见的引用)
6. Online Videos引用(在涉及primary sources分析时常见的引用材料,例如YouTube Video引用)
7. Photos引用(图片引用要注意土图片是否存在版权)
恒思教育《Chicago Style引用指南》详细梳理了CMOS引用格式中这7类材料的引用方法。
Chicago Style 版式布局
- Chicago Style 一般采用Margin 1 Inch版本布局
如何确定设置为1英寸边距:
- 点击”Page Layout” 页面布局
- 点击”Margins” 边距,查看下拉菜单
- 找到并选择Normal模式
- Chicago Style 一般采用Times New Roman字体
- Chicago Style 一般采用 10-12号字号
- Chicago Style 正文一般使用双倍行距
Chicago Style版本布局
Books and Book Chapters 引用
书本的引用一般有如下信息:
作者名字
书名
出版地点
出版商
出版日期
翻译者
编辑人员
部分作品信息可能会披露不完整。
Books引用
通常格式:
脚注或尾注:
FOOTNOTE OR ENDNOTE (N):
First Name Last Name, Title of Book(除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体)(Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number (文中引用内容页数).
相应的参考书目引用:
CORRESPONDING BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ENTRY (B):
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book(除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
下面相应的脚注及引用将会缩写为“N”和“B”。
只有1个作者的情况下
例子:
N:
1. Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums(New York: Viking Press, 1958), 128.
B:
Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Viking Press, 1958.
2个或2个以上作者的情况下
通常格式:
N:
编号(从正文第一个引用编号1开始排序). First Name 1 Last Name 1 and First Name 2 Last Name 2, Title of Book(斜体) (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number (文中引用内容页数).
B:
Last name 1, First name 1, and Frist Name 2 Last Name 2. Title of Book(斜体). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
引用的资料有两个或两个以上的作者时,按照作者出现的顺序排序即可,不用按照字母顺序排序。
例子:
N:
2. Scott Lash and John Urry, Economies of Signs & Space(London: Sage Publications, 1994), 241-51.
B:
Lash, Scott, and John Urry. Economies of Signs & Space. London: Sage Publications, 1994.
引用翻译版本书籍且只有一个作者的情况下
在N项书籍的标题后面缩写标注 “, trans. 翻译者名和姓” 。
在B项书籍的标题后面标注 “.Translated by 翻译者名和姓”。
通常格式:
N:
编号(从正文第一个引用编号1开始排序). First Name Last Name (Author), Title of Book(斜体), trans. First Name Last Name (Translator) (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
B:
Last name, First name (Author), Title of Book(斜体). Translated by First Name Last Name (Translator). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
例子:
N:
3. Julio Cortázar, Hopscotch, trans. Gregory Rabassa (New York: Pantheon Books, 1966), 165.
B:
Cortázar, Julio. Hopscotch. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. New York: Pantheon Books, 1966.
引用的书本有作者和编辑的情况下
在N项书籍的标题后面缩写标注 “, ed. 翻译者名和姓” 。
在B项书籍的标题后面标注 “.Edited by 翻译者名和姓.”。
通常格式:
N:
编号(从正文第一个引用编号1开始排序). First Name Last Name (Author), Title of Book(斜体), ed. First Name Last Name (Translator) (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
B:
Last name, First name (Author), Title of Book(斜体). Edited by First Name Last Name (Editor). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
例子:
N:
4. Edward B. Tylor, Researches into the Early Development of Mankind and the Development of Civilization, ed. Paul Bohannan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964), 194.
B:
Tylor, Edward B. Researches into the Early Development of Mankind and the Development of Civilization. Edited by Paul Bohannan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
书本章节(Book Chapter引用)或者一本书中的几篇文章的引用,一般有如下信息:
作者名字
书名
章节名 / 文章名
出版商
出版日期
编辑人员
页码范围
部分作品信息可能会披露不完整。
Book Chapters引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name (Author), “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book(斜体) (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
B:
Last name, First name (Author), “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book(斜体), page number. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
例子:
N:
1. Gloria Anzaldúa, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” in Borderlands: The New Mestiza – La Frontera(San Francisco: Aunt Lute Book Company, 1987), 53.
B:
Anzaldúa, Gloria. “How to Tame a Wild Tongue.” In Borderlands: The New Mestiza – La Frontera, 53–64. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Book Company, 1987.
以上两种引用的格式都是可以使用的。
引用的书本是一本编辑的合集,内有不同作者的章节的情况下
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name (Author of Chapter), “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book(斜体), ed. First Name Last Name (Editor) (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
B:
Last name, First name (Author of Chapter), “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book(斜体), edited by First Name Last Name (Editor), page number. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
例子:
N:
2. Muriel Harris, “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers,” in A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One, ed. Ben Rafoth (New Hampshire: Heinemann, 2000), 24-34.
B:
Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” In A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One, edited by Ben Rafoth, 24-34. New Hampshire: Heinemann, 2000.
Periodicals 引用
Periodicals 期刊包括杂志、报纸和学术期刊 (Peer Reviewed Journal Articles引用) 等
一般有如下信息:
原文作者名字
文章标题
期刊 / 杂志 / 报纸名
出版时间
刊号 (Volume Number)
卷号 (Issue Number)
具体页数
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
Journal Articles引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name, “Title of Journal Article,” Title of Journal(除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体) Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number.
B:
Last Name, First Name. “Title of Journal Article,” Title of Journal(除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体) Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Range. DOI number.
例子:
N:
1. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum,” Classical Philology111, no. 2 (April 2016): 170.
B:
Satterfield, Susan. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 165–76.
News以及Magazine Articles (Online Articles) 的引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name, “Title of News or Magazine Article,” Title of Newspaper or Magazine or Website (除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体), Date of Publication, Page Number, Link.
B:
Last Name, First Name. Title of News or Magazine Article,” Title of Newspaper or Magazine or Website (除去介词以及三个字母以下的词以外全部首字母大写并且斜体), Date of Publication, Page Number, Link.
例子:
N:
2. Tanya Pai, “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps,” Vox, April 11, 2017, http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.
B:
Pai, Tanya. “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps.” Vox, April 11, 2017. http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.
E-books 引用
E-books 引用一般有如下信息:
作者名字
书籍题目
出版地点
出版商
出版年份
页码
引用链接
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
E-books引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page, Link.
B:
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Link.
例子:
N:
1. Herman Melville, The Whale(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851), 627, http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
B:
Melville, Herman. The Whale. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
PPT 引用
PPT引用一般有如下信息:
演讲者名字
PPT名字
演讲者机构
地点
出版年份
引用链接
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
PPT引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name Last Name, “PPT Title,” (PowerPoint presentation, Institute of Publication, Place of Publication, Date of Publication), Link.
B:
Last Name, First Name. “PPT Title.” PowerPoint presentation, Institute of Publication, Place of Publication, Date of Publication. Link.
例子:
N:
1. Aswath Damodaran, “Intrinsic Valuation,” (PowerPoint presentation, New York University, New York, January 2021), http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
B:
Damodaran, Aswath. “Intrinsic Valuation.” PowerPoint presentation, New York University, New York, January 2021. http://mel.nyu.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
Films/Songs 引用
Films以及Songs引用 一般有如下信息:
作品名字
表演者
导演
录制年份
发行年份
发行地点
发行商
获得媒介(DVD)
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
Films引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. Title of Work, directed by First name Last name ( Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, Video Release Year). Medium.
B:
Last Name, First Name, dir. Title of Work. Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, Video Release Year. Medium.
例子:
N:
1. Joe Versus the Volcano, directed by John Patrick Shanley (1990; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002), DVD.
B:
Shanley, John Patrick, dir. Joe Versus the Volcano. 1990; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002. DVD.
Songs引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. Name of Group/Composer/Performer, “Title,” recorded Date of Recording, track number on Name of Album, Year of Release, Recording Company or Publisher, Medium.
B:
Name of Group/Composer/Performer. “Title.” Recorded Date of Recording. Track number on Name of Album, Year of Release. Recording Company or Publisher, Medium.
例子:
N:
2. Bob Dylan, “Workingman’s Blues #2,” recorded February 2006, track 3 on Modern Times, 2012, Columbia, compact disc.
B:
Dylan, Bob. “Workingman’s Blues #2.” Recorded February 2006. Track 3 on Modern Times, 2012. Columbia, compact disc.
Online Videos 引用
Online Videos引用一般有如下信息:
作品名字
上传者信息
视频网站名
上传日期
视频时间
引用链接
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
Online Videos引用
通常格式:
N:
编号. First Name, Last Name, “Title of Video,” Video Website, Date of Uploading, video, time, link.
B:
Last Name, First Name, dir. “Title of Video.” Video Website. Date of Uploading. Video, time. Link.
例子:
N:
1. Alejandra Ortega, “Grammar: Active and Passive Voice,” YouTube, February 1, 2019, video, 4:22, http://youtu.be/GEP-8lFTKKg.
B:
Ortega, Alejandra. “Grammar: Active and Passive Voice.” YouTube. February 1, 2019. Video, 4:22. http://youtu.be/GEP-8lFTKKg
Photos 引用
Photos引用一般有如下信息:
作品名字
图片名字
图片年份
图片体裁
网站名字
照片地点
获取时间
引用链接
部分文章信息可能会披露不完整。
Photos引用
通常格式:
Caption:
Fig. 1. Title of Work. Created by First Name Last Name [Year of Publication]. From Website of Access. Link.
N:
编号. First Name Last Name, Title of Work, Year of Publication, Photo Genre, Website, Place of Publication, accessed Date of Access, Link
B:
Website. Accessed Date of Access, Link
例子:
Caption:
Fig. 1. The Ice Cone, Montmorency Falls. Created by Robert C. Todd [1850]. From National Gallery of Canada. Https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=4246.
N:
1. Robert C. Todd, The Ice Cone, Montmorency Falls, 1850, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, accessed March 8, 2016, https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=4246.
B:
National Gallery of Canada. Accessed March 8, 2016. Http://www.gallery.ca/en/.